C Programming

C - LANGUAGE

Introduction to C

• Evolution of C
• Data types
• Variables
• Constants
• Identifiers
• Keywords
• Escape Sequences
• Format Control Strings
• Compilers

Standard Input and Output Functions

• Single Character Input – The getchar Function
• Single Character Output – The putchar Function
• String Input – The gets Function
• String Output – The puts Function
• Entering input Data – The scanf Function
• More about the scanf Function
• Writing Output Data – The Printf Function
• More about the printf Function

Operators and type Conversions

• Operators
• Arithmetic Operators
• Logical Operators
• Relational Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Increment and Decrement Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Compound Assignment Operators
• Conditional Operator/ternary
• Special operators
• Implicit type Conversion (coercion)
• Explicit type conversion(casting)
• Precedence and Order of Evaluation

Control Structures

• Control Statements or Decision making statements
• Selection statements or Branching Statements
• The if statement
• The if else statement
• If else ladder / Stair case if
• Nested Conditional Constructs
• The null if statement
• The null else statement
• Switch statement
• Repetition or Iterative or Loop control statements
• The while loop
• The for loop
• The do while loop
• Unconditional Statements
• The got statement
• The break statement
• The continue statement

Arrays

• Introduction
• Single Dimension Arrays
• Array Declaration
• Array initialization
• Two Dimensional Arrays
• 2D Array Declaration
• 2D Array initialization
• Transpose Matrix
• 2D Array ZigZag Printing
• 2D Array Spiral Printing
• Three Dimensional Arrays

Strings

• Introduction to Strings
• Initializing character Arrays
• Standard String Library Functions
• Two Dimensional Array of Characters
• Examples on Strings

Functions

• Introducing Functions
• Defining a Function
• Accessing a Function
• Function Prototype
• Passing Arguments to a Function
• Function calls
• Return statements
• Recursions
• Arrays as Function Arguments

Structures and Unions

• User Defined Data Types
• Declaring a Structure
• Processing a Structure
• Accessing structure members
• Memory Representation of structure
• Structure Variable
• Multiple Structure Variables
• Array of Structures
• Uses of Structures
• Operations on Unions
• Unions and Structures Differences
• Enumerations
• Typedef

Storage Classes

• Storage Classes
• Automatic Variables
• Static Variables
• Register variables
• External (Global) Variables

Pointers

• Fundamentals
• Introduction to Memory
• Pointer Declarations
• Address and Dereferencing (& and *) operators
• Pointer operations (++ and --)
• Pointer Assignment
• Pointer Initialization
• Pointer to Pointers
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Void * malloc(size)
• Void * calloc(nitems,size)
• Void * realloc(void *block, size)
• Free()
• Pointer Arithmetic
• Pointer Arrays
• Call by Value
• Call by References
• Structures and Pointers
• Self Referential Structure
• Character Pointer
• Void Pointers
• Dangling Pointers

File Handling

• Introduction
• Types of Functions
• File operations
• File Modes
• File handling functions
• File Formatted I/O Functions
• Opening File with fopen() function
• Closing File with fclose() function
• Fgetc() and fputc()
• fscanf() and fprintf()
• Random Access Files
• ftell(), rewind() and fseek()
• Command Line Arguments (using argc and argv parameters)